Tobacco Essay Example For Students

Tobacco Essay ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE Tobacco smoking has long been recognized as a major cause of death and disease, responsible for an estimated 434,000 deaths per year in the United States. After the Environmental Protection Agency and the Surgeon General stated that cigarettes cause lung cancer there was a tremendous movement to make cigarettes illegal. Now the debate is on environmental tobacco smoke also known as secondhand smoke, passive smoking, and sidestream smoke. The worry is that when non-smokers are exposed to secondhand smoke they face the same health hazards as smokers. Tobacco smoke contains more than forty known carcinogens. Sidestream smoke carries these carcinogens into the air (Sussman 12). According to scientific studies tobacco smoke contains four thousand chemicals, and at least sixty are known to cause cancer. Carbon monoxide is the main gas in cigarette smoke. This gas competes with oxygen for binding sites on red blood cells, and results in depleting the body of oxygen (QA). Researchers studied 1,906 women of which 653 developed lung cancer. Women married to smokers were thirty percent more likely to develop lung cancer than those married to non-smokers (LeMaistre 1). We will write a custom essay on Tobacco specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now According to the Environmental Protection Agency a thirty percent risk is only a small relative risk. The Environmental Protection Agency released its report stating that environmental tobacco smoke is a human lung carcinogen, responsible for approximately three thousand lung cancer deaths annually in American non-smokers. Environmental tobacco smoke has been classified as a Group A carcinogen, the highest ranking under the EPAs carcinogen assessment guidelines. Book Reports

The Great Gatsby as a Modernist Novel Essays

The Great Gatsby as a Modernist Novel Essays The Great Gatsby as a Modernist Novel Essay The Great Gatsby as a Modernist Novel Essay Essay Topic: The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is a novel which includes a variety of literary genres, one of which being the modernist genre, a literary movement which had its peak of popularity between 1910-1960. This is shown through; Fitzgerald’s use of first person narration to give an undecided view point of society, which can be seen as social criticism, symbolism, allegorical characters, and poetic language. Fitzgerald has chosen Nick Caraway to be the narrator for the whole duration of the novel to present his views of social criticism of the 1920s in an indecisive way. Fitzgerald uses Nick’s narration to presents the criticisms of society as they are, without giving his own opinion, he leaves it open to interpretation. This is evidently shown through Jordan stating, â€Å"I don’t care what I do as long as I have fun†. Fitzgerald has used Nick’s first person narration to present the obvious criticism of carelessness within the 1920s society due to the newly found hedonistic attitude. Although Nick has not specifically given his opinion on it, he has left the judgement open to the interpretation of the reader, as he has questioned the decline of morals within the society. This hedonistic and careless attitude towards life in the 1920s was a result of the brutality faced in the world war and people celebrating life and living it to the fullest. This again stre sses how The Great Gatsby is a modernist novel as the modern writer wrote in response to the post world war depression, by questioning society, life, and morals and also as Nick is indecisive towards the hedonistic attitude as he criticised it, yet he continued to associate himself with the people. New technology was another social criticism that is expressed by the modern writer. This is shown in the novel through the contrasting descriptions of the car as the â€Å"brisk yellow bug†, becoming the â€Å"death car†. The two juxtaposing descriptions reveal Fitzgerald’s undecided view of the car a

Teaching, Reading and Writing for Students Who are Deaf and Hard of Case Study

Teaching, Reading and Writing for Students Who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) - Case Study Example According to Cornish (2011, p.20), high numbers of children in remote areas develop hearing loss, with some having no eardrums. It is however certain that children with hearing loss perform poorly academically. The basics of learning in kindergarten involve repeating what the teacher has said, however, for DHH students, this mission is close to impossible. The author adds that these children have a high chance of dropping out in school as they feel stupid, therefore developing behavioral problems, and hence at risk of being arrested or imprisoned. Nevertheless, there exist several forms of languages and communication used by deaf or hard hearing students. Forms of Communication Used by Instructors and DHH Students Teaching, Reading and Writing fluency American Sign Language (ASL) is a widely used language among the deaf in United States of America and in Canada; this sign language relies mostly on English. ASL is regarded as the first language for the deaf or hard of hearing students ; whereby, these students are expected to acquire this sign language first. It is a visual English language that has no written components, and involves symbolic terms; therefore, students must be capable of translating texts into an understandable format (White, 2011, p.21). It is considered an easier first language since it is mostly used at an early age for those born with DHH. Manually Encoded English is another communication system used by those with DHH; this system represents words in English sentences by signs from the American Sign Language. Cued speech use mouth movement to differentiate the sounds of the spoken language from one another, with an aim... This paper stresses that DHH students experience social difficulties especially around their hearing peers, however, when these two groups of students participated in similar activities, the level of interaction increased. Family involvement in DHH student’s social lives can influence the social outcomes, since parents act like coaches for their children. Therefore, they are able to discuss challenging issues that are facing their children, thus encouraging them to developing social interactions with their peers. This report makes a conclusion that there is limited research on oral reading fluency of DHH students; nevertheless, measures to improve reading skills for these particular students should be implemented. This research proves that DHH students continue to drag behind compared to their hearing peers academically. However, with the involvement of parents, DHH students are able to achieve confidence. Therefore, parents of such students should take the first step towards learning sign language in order to be effective in communication, hence capable of motivating their children. DHH students are affected by the challenge of achievements academically; however, graphic novels among other learning approaches have proved to be efficient in communicating to DHH students. Students who are deaf or hard of hearing may encounter challenging issues that they cannot address because of the nature of their disability.

UPS Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

UPS Case Study - Essay Example There are very few companies operating in the Packaged Express industry and one of them is UPS. In 2008, the packaged express industry was dominated by FedEx which accounted for 58.2% of the market share from delivering overnight letters. UPS earned a revenue of 15.6% and United States Postal service accounted for 12.2%. The Packaged Express industry comprises three segments: Overnight letters, Courier service and Small parcels. UPS had a firm and strong background. UPS was one of the dominant firms in the â€Å"Small parcel† segment. UPS and FedEx ranked internationally as one of the worlds best packaged delivery sytem. Apart from its long standing history and firm background, the company UPS has always maintained an efficient distribution network (White and Belman, 2005). In the late 1980s the company faced certain challenges that any shipping corporation would have faced. These included shipping errors like delivering the package at the wrong address or loading the delivery package in the wrong bus. These kinds of errors occurred frequently. At that time UPS relied on manual data but gradually it started investing in technology because it realized that internet and technology acted like a catalyst which improved the distribution network of the company (Motiwalla and Thompson, 2008). The company conducted a SWOT analysis immediately to identify its threats and weakness. Cost cutting was their major initiative. They laid off 2000 employees working in the Washington headquarter in the year 1971. This policy was continued by the other branches of UPS. The company realized that reduced staff and increased machinery would double their productivity levels. However, there was a negative impact on the employees and the company profits. The faulty machineries and the reduced number of staff could not cope up with the sudden pressures. Moreover, the existing staff could not recreate the charm of the old staff. Many employees were forced to take a voluntary

Negative mass media influence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Negative mass media influence - Essay Example The more mass media resources we have, the more needed information we can receive. New resources of mass media appear every day and the old ones are developing to help us receive important information any time we need. On the other hand, the negative influence of mass media is obvious as the promotion of violence takes place very often. Such a promotion prevents people from normal development and influences negatively the individuals’ behavior in the society. Now mass media imposes a great influence on people. Actually, we can’t hide from this influence as mass media penetrates all the areas of life. Furthermore, the development of the modern culture is closely connected to mass media because the role of mass media in the formation of people’s views is very important. In this view the impact of mass media may be very negative as we can see much violence on TV or in newspapers (Bagdikian, 2000). The influence of mass media on people is increasing and the number of negative consequences of this influence is also growing dramatically. It is no need to mention that violence damages psychological development of people as the cruelty people see in films or read about in newspapers causes aggressiveness. In any case the violence in media negatively influences the development of children and spoils our future generations.... TV producers, network executives, motion picture companies and others in the media deny any impact of their programs on the attitudes and actions of youth† (Effects of Mass Media on Young Generation). When people frequently meet violence in media, they get used to it. It happens inevitably and the process is gradually affecting people’s psychology. Slowly but surely violence becomes something like everyday issue, people start to perceive it as something normal at the same time as violence certainly represents an abnormal and awful phenomenon. It causes aggressive behavior that is also already treated as a norm by many people in the modern society (Josephson, 1995). The main problem is that mass media contributes to positive perception of violent acts that is absolutely unacceptable. Jarred explains: â€Å"There are those who believe that violent programs contribute less to violence in society than do other recognized elements. The media in general has been identified as portraying lifestyles that are beyond the means of many people, particularly for those who are unemployed. Such lifestyle portrayals are seen by some as being more likely to encourage violence and crime than violent television programming by encouraging materialistic attitudes and a reduced intolerance to delays in attaining a desired lifestyle. Even media coverage of unemployment and homelessness is viewed as engendering feelings of hopelessness and bitterness that can result in anti-social behaviour† (Jarred, 2001, p.28) There is such a term as â€Å"happy violence† that was generated as a result of violence promotion. Such violence seems to be humorous and funny and this results in increasing of number of violent acts in real life. Under the influence people can’t control their

In Ozymandias the subject of the passing of time is different to :: English Literature

In Ozymandias the subject of the passing of time is different to Coy Mistress Compare the ways in which the poems you have studied deal with the passing of time. All the three poems deal with the subject of the passing of time in different ways. In â€Å" His Coy Mistress† Marvell uses time to say let us form a sexual relationship together by saying â€Å"Had we but world enough, and time, This coyness, Lady, were no crime† which means if we had all the time in the world we could do whatever we wanted to do. But we don’t have all the time so let us form the relationship now. In â€Å"Ozymandias† the subject of the passing of time is different to â€Å"Coy Mistress† because the poet is saying no tyranny can beat time. This is symbolised by the statue in the poem. The reason it is different is because it’s not saying marry me of have a relationship it is shown by the statue. In â€Å" To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time is similar to â€Å"Coy Mistress† because the poet is speaking to the women by saying â€Å"Then be not coy, but use your time, And while ye may go marry† which means don’t be shy use your time and whilst your are young go and marry. â€Å"To the Virgin† and â€Å"Coy Mistress† are different to â€Å"Ozymandias† because Ozymandias is about a time defeating human power and the other two poems are about love or human desire beating time. In â€Å"Coy Mistress, the poem has a soft touch. Marvell shows his intelligence by referring to exotic places for instance the Indian Ganges in his poem. He also uses biblical references like 'before the flood', which is supposed to represent the idea of Noah's Ark and how a big storm came causing a flood and animals dying. These hyperboles also include phrases like 'an hundred years,' 'two hundred,' and 'thirty thousand,' so that he can exaggerate his feelings and emotions. Metaphors used like 'winged chariot' which means to describe time, death hurrying near. 'Vegetable love' helps to expand the meaning and clarify his feeling and emotions that he has for his mistress. The idea of 'vegetable love' denotes the meaning about the ancient division of souls that they were vegetative, sensitive and rational. All the poems that I am studying were written in the era of metaphysical poetry (1590 - 1670). The idea of this style was that of exploring ideas through intricate and startling images. The themes of metaphysical poems are usually that of religion, love or wordplay. Metaphysical poems tend to have underlying themes, often written with

A Women Of No Importance Essay

Explore the ways Wilde presents late nineteenth century women. What he is saying about the fashionable women of the time, their interests, ideas, attitudes and treatment in A Women f No Importance? A woman of no importance is a play about the upper and middle class. Wilde uses the women to portray is attitudes and views on the society of the nineteenth century. He portrays women in a way women would not have behaved at that time; this gives a comical atmosphere to the audience. In 1893 A women of no importance would have been very entertaining to watch, the audience would have found the play amusing however they would have been laughing at themselves as Wilde wrote the play to criticize the society. The play’s first setting is a female home with conversation between women; Wilde may have done this to show the importance of women. Lady Caroline is the first character the audience meet; Wilde may have also done this for a purpose. From the title ‘Lady’ we know Lady Caroline is a wealthy and high up in the aristocracy in England. She is a typical member of the high society; she has a very dominating overbearing personality and shows pride in her position. The Audience would have immediately recognised this from Lady Caroline’s conversation with Hester. She speaks down to her American guest, Hester who is travailing alone, â€Å"you have no country houses, I am told, in America?† Another theme that Wilde conveys through women is the theme Hypocrisy and double standards. This is again shown through Lady Caroline and her attitudes towards the puritan Hester. Lady Caroline criticises lady Hunstaton choice of guests â€Å"But Mrs Allonby is hardly a very suitable person† but then praises Lady Hunstaton for inviting her to a pleasant party, Wilde is effectively satirising members of high society. Hester vocalises her opinion that she dislikes Mrs Allonby but Lady Caroline patronises Hester â€Å"I am not sure, that foreigners like yourself should cultivate like or dislikes.† suggesting that Hester is not a valued member of society. Wilde mocks the attitude of the high society through the ignorant women. Lady Caroline is not as knowledgeable as she likes to make out, she continually keeps getting the name of the politician wrong, mistaking him for ‘Me kettle’ â€Å"Kevil, my love kevil.† The audience would mock Lady Caroline for this foolish mistake she keeps making. Hester Worsley’s title is changed as the play progresses. Hester is first referred to as ‘Miss Worsley’ then she becomes known as the ‘American’ and finally ‘A puritan’. Hester is a contrast to all the other women in A women of no importance and all the women take a dislike to her she told me yesterday, and in quite a loud voice, that she was only eighteen. It was most annoying.† She has strong morals, values and opinions which she is not afraid to express ‘I dislike London Dinner Parties’. Wilde may have used Hester’s character to present his on views on the English aristocratic society. Members of the high society frown upon those who are unmarried â€Å"I don’t think that England should be represented abroad by unmarried man† being married is more socially accepted. This gives the audience an impression of how shallow the society was and how status and social position dictate how people lived their lives. Lady Caroline’s and Sir Johns is very different to a traditional Victorian marriage. Usually the man is the dominant one and women were known as men’s property. However Wilde contrasts this view, by Lady Caroline having control over her husband, being the dominant one in the relationship â€Å"John you should have your muffler. What is the use of my always knitting mufflers for you if you don’t wear them?† Their relationship is clearly showing a lack of love and affection. Their relationship is more like a child and parent relationship because of the idea of Lady Caroline ‘spoiling’ Sir John. Wilde is suggesting that they are together out of convenience and presentation. Lady Caroline gives her husband orders in the same way lady Hunstaton orders her servants â€Å"you had better go and put your overshoes at once.† During the Victorian times when A women of no importance was written, women rights were begging to increase. In 1857 the matrimonial causes Act was established, in 1882 married women’s property act was confirmed, which gave women more rights and power over themselves, property and their children. These factors contributed to the way Wilde presented certain women especially Lady Caroline and Mrs Allonby. Mrs Allonby is very similar to lord Illingworth they are both described as ‘dandies’ they use language which is intended to shock the audience. At the end of act one is it clear that Mrs Allonby is flirting with Lord Illingworth â€Å"What a thoroughly bad man you must be!† Wilde creates Mrs Allonby as a character who considers being a person who restricts the morals and norms of the society, in Victorian times there would have been very strict morals and social codes. â€Å"Women adore failures, they lean on us† Mrs Allonby is going against the stereotype, the man having control within Victorian marriages. At the end of Act one Lord Illingworth reads Mrs Arbuthnot’s letter, he says â€Å"no one in particular A Woman of no importance†, the title of the play, which demonstrates Wilde’s views on the treatment of women in society. Act 1 ends giving the audience an impression of a self-concerned, hypocritical society. Wilde presents these ideas through the use of comedy which give a strong message to the audience.